The qualities of the surface over which water flows always matter. With my current command, a 200 ft ferry, we notice a decrease in speed and increase in fuel consumption between bottom cleanings as the hull gets weeded up. On my previous command, a 380 ft ferry, we had bottom cleaning done by divers in the dock between regular drydockings. Those bottom cleanings payed for themselves in a few weeks by decreasing fuel consumption. The flow of a fluid of a fluid, such as water, is always zero at the surface and increases to the the full hull speed at a certain distance away from the hull. This layer is called the boundary layer. It is the depth of this layer that is so important. The more water that you drag along, ie. the thicker the boundary layer, the greater the drag. Now the CS17 is quite small but even so a weeded up skiff will still be slower than a smooth one.
A rudder is a foil, not a hull, so some other factors come into play. On a foil, at some point aft of the leading edge, the nice smooth flow of fluid over the surface (called a laminar flow) will break up into a turbulent flow. On most foils this will occur a little distance back from the point of greatest foil thickness. There are various different foils shapes that have different characteristics but they all have turbulent flow at some point. You use a foil, the rudder, to generate lift, such as turning the rudder to create a force to turn the boat. When this happers the flow over the top surface, (the face of the rudder away from the boat) will try to separate from the surface. When this flow separates completely, when all the laminar flow becomes turbulent, that is when your rudder, or any foil, becomes stalled and loses all effectiveness. Surface qualities matter greatly in this case by affecting the angle at which this separation will occur. That's why airplanes can't fly very well with frost on the wings. Even a 1 mm layer of frost on a wing will dramatically reduce the capacity of the wing to generate lift. Your rudder will be similarly affected.
Now for the surface area of a rudder, likely you would never be able to measure the difference in speed through the water. However when you use the rudder to turn the boat your rudder may lose lift and effectiveness at a smaller angle than a nice smooth one. This may not be noticeable at slower speeds. I don't think that it mattered much that the rudders on big old sailing ships were made of rough boards and were of a flate plate construction. however if you would be surfing down the face of a wave at ten knots and you turned the rudder to the same angle that you would normally turn it at slower speeds, you may very well stall the rudder, due to the large increase in forces involved. I encourage you to to experiment with this. Also pick a up a book on flying. Almost any book on planes will give very good descriptions of laminar flow, stalls, how lift is generated etc.
Sorry for getting such a case of typing diarhea, but I think it always helps to know the science behind the stuff we do.
Michael
Dreaming of a CS 17